MVRDV | 荷兰海牙“开放运河愿景”规划

MVRDV与荷兰海牙当地社区联手向海牙市政厅提交了一份规划，提议重新开放该城市修建于17世纪的运河。上世纪，这些运河被接连填平。当地社区计划通过此项目复兴政府曾经的行政办公区，如今该历史地段已经变得破旧。MVRDV同各社区团体合作完成了这个公益项目的规划，它将改善该地区的可持续性、经济、交通和水资源管理水平。

MVRDV, together with local neighbourhood organisations, has presented a plan to the city of The Hague which proposes to reopen the city’s 17th-century canals, which were filled-in during the 20th century. The neighbourhood participation project aims to revive a run-down part of the historic centre of the government seat of the Netherlands. The vision, produced by MVRDV as a pro-bono project in collaboration with the various residents’ collectives, aims to improve the sustainability, economy, traffic, and water management of the area.

图/Image: MVRDV

 Amsterdamse Veerkade目前是海牙的一条主干道，它将可能成为一个具有吸引力的开放空间

The Amsterdamse Veerkade, currently a main road, could become an attractive open space

与荷兰其他城市相比，海牙从未将重心放在以城市中央运河网络为基础的贸易上，海牙的定位为政府行政中心。因此，1910年至1970年间，海牙市的许多运河被填平；到了70年代，为了修建高速公路，部分社区几乎完全被拆除。最终，市民们采取了行动终止了拆除进程，但是这片曾经纯朴的运河区域已经遭到了严重破坏。近年来，社区活动开始复苏。2018年，市政府批准了社区要求关闭两条红灯区街道的提案。在这次成功行动的激励下，当地居民制定了下一个目标：重新开放消失的运河，同时促进该地区的生态和经济发展。

In contrast to other Dutch cities, trade relying on the city’s central canal network was never the main focus of The Hague, which was founded as a government centre. Consequently many of the canals were filled between 1910 and 1970 and, in the 1970s, part of the neighbourhood was almost demolished to make way for a motorway. Citizens took action and stopped the demolition process, but not before significant damage was done to the once-pristine canal area. Recent years have seen a revival in community action. In 2018, a neighbourhood initiative demanded the closure of two red light district streets, which the city agreed upon and, boosted by this success, the inhabitants set the next goal: to reopen the lost canals and boost the area both ecologically and economically.

图/Image: MVRDV

Paviljoensgracht 大街的关键的十字路口将架设桥梁

The Paviljoensgracht would be opened with bridges at key crossing points

当地居民Shireen Poyck是这一目标背后的推动力量之一，她在“Grachten Open”(“开放运河”)的倡议中统一了各社区团体和利益相关者的意见；2018年，她的邻居、MVRDV责任合伙人Jan Knikker在她的号召下参与到该活动中。MVRDV在当地居民工作成果的基础上，提出了重新开放运河的设想。根据当地建筑事务所BAU architects对历史上运河的研究，MVRDV不仅为修复主要运河的工程提出方案，同时为那些由于地下工程或建筑陷入绝境或消失的小运河制定了计划。这份设想中运河将拥有不同的功能，每一条运河支流都将发挥出城市激活器的作用，包括游泳运河、锦鲤运河，甚至是一条能积极支持海牙作为一个体育城市雄心的冲浪运河。MVRDV为运河设计的方案结合了当地社区 “Spinoza Power 2.0”的愿景，愿景中包含创造美食街、移除并翻新红灯区街道，以及用一个新的市场取代效益欠佳的停车场。

One of the driving forces behind the vision is local resident Shireen Poyck, who united the various neighbourhood initiatives and stakeholders in the 'Grachten Open' (Canals Open) initiative and, in 2018, called on her neighbour, MVRDV Partner Jan Knikker, to participate. MVRDV drew up a vision to reopen the canals, building upon the work of the inhabitants. Based on a study of the historical canals by local firm BAU architects, MVRDV envisions the restoration of the main canals, and has drawn up plans for the minor canals which are either dead-ends or lost due to underground works or buildings. Each of these canal stubs needs to function as an urban activator, with proposals including swimming canals, koi carp canals, and even a surf canal which would actively support the ambition of The Hague as a sport city. MVRDV’s vision combines the canals with the ‘Spinoza Power 2.0’ vision, which was created by the local community and includes a gastronomy route, the removal and renovation of the red light district streets, and a new market hall which replaces an underperforming parking garage.

图/Image: MVRDV

Brouwersgracht大街在愿景中的新形象

Visualisation of the proposed changes to the Brouwersgracht

“世界各地像海牙中心老城区这样的街区构成了旅游业的支柱，这些老城区是城市身份文化的象征，但在海牙，不知何故，这个古老而迷人的街区却被遗忘了。” MVRDV联合创始人、建筑师Winy Maas表示：“该地区将为城市复兴提供特别的机会，不仅能够改善当地经济，并令城市在能量转型中实现飞跃。”

“All over the world, neighbourhoods like the old centre of The Hague form the backbone of tourism and provide an identity to a city, but in The Hague somehow this ancient and incredibly charming area was forgotten,” says Winy Maas, architect and co-founder of MVRDV. “The area offers the unique chance for an urban regeneration that will improve the local economy and make a leap forward in the city’s energy transition.”

图/Image: MVRDV

MVRDV在设计时特别注意到其中的一些挑战，例如有轨电车线路和其他建立在曾经运河空间上方的基础设施。同许多荷兰其他城市一样，海牙在修复运河、归还小段运河以及将停车位改造成集停车、开放水域和美食为一体的综合设施方面已经有了一定经验。但在这个项目中，如应用复杂的地下停车场将会导致项目超支，因此MVRDV和当地社区将改造方案保持简单并更加现实。

Special attention has been given to challenges such as tram lines and other infrastructure erected on the spaces which used to be canals. Like many other Dutch cities, The Hague already has some experience in bringing back its canals, restoring a small piece of canal and transforming parking space into a combination of parking, open water, and gastronomy. But overspending on this project caused by a complex underground car-park encouraged MVRDV and the local community to keep their plans simple and realistic.

图/Image: MVRDV

通过恢复运河并种植树木，Gedempte Gracht这样未被充分利用的街道的潜力可以得到开发

Opening the canal and introducing trees could realise the potential of under-used streets like the Gedempte Gracht

“开放运河愿景”由当地居民和当地企业共同起草完成，项目得到了Oude Centrum社区、Rond het Plein社区、多个商业团体、海牙SOS基金会和该地区的两家主要房地产开发商的支持。此外，它还得到了Grachten Open和Wijkorganisatie Oude Centrum的慷慨支持，并已在市政厅向市政官 Boudewijn Revis汇报。

The Open Canal vision was drafted by local inhabitants and local businesses, supported by the Oude Centrum and Rond het Plein neighbourhood communities, businesses, SOS Den Haag and two major real estate owners in the area. It was generously supported by Grachten Open and Wijkorganisatie Oude Centrum and was presented in the city hall to alderman Boudewijn Revis.

图/Image: MVRDV

“开放运河愿景”是MVRDV第三个与社区合作的非营利性项目。目前正在进行的其余两个非盈利项目包含翻新新德里的一个露天下水道系统，以及鹿特丹Hoogkwartier地区的能源转型和交通改善项目。

The Open Canal Vision is the third project in which MVRDV has participated on a non-profit basis with local communities. Also ongoing are a project to renovate an open sewer in New Delhi and an energy transition project for the Hoogkwartier in Rotterdam which also includes a mobility challenge.