法国Elancourt音乐学校 / OPUS 5 Architectes

来源：畅言网 2019-06-27

原建筑采用承重混凝土和砖砌块的忠实表达形式，没有艺术矫饰，这在80年代初是一种颇受怀疑的设计理念。原建筑很低调，采用十字形混凝土柱，构成7.2*7.75米的柱网。煤渣砖外侧是普通砖。屋顶是混凝土板。建筑缺少保温层。室内布局围绕中央庭院，有两个边厅。空间大体上是开场的，包括北侧的300平米房间，以及南侧的两个中等大小和其他较小的房间。

The architecture of the original building is expressed in the modularity of the construction between the weight-bearing parts in concrete and the brick fill for a truthful expression of the structure and materials, without artifice, a principle that was being radically challenged in the early eighties.

An understated building, stripped down in the extreme, introverted due to the quiet atmosphere required for such a place, the building is made of cruciform concrete columns forming a framework of 7.20 x 7.75 meters (23.62 x 24.62). The cinder block fill is covered with brick on the exterior. Roofs were made of concrete slabs. The entire structure lacked thermal insulation. Interior distribution was organized around central patio, called the “welcoming courtyard,” which served two side halls. The plan was largely open and included this north side: a large room 300 m² (3, 229 ft²), and on the southern side: two medium sized rooms, and a few smaller rooms. The lighting for the most part came from the ceiling, to avoid the views from outside that could disturb the people who were seeking contemplation.

原建筑是一个宗教场所，与周边环境形成不可分割的整体，包括一个设有顶棚的集市，购物、城市生活、卫生和安全设施。建造年代是1974到1977年，设计希望突出简洁和无个性特征。尽管是宗教建筑，但可被灵活用于其他功能，设计理念受路易·康影响，同时结构上避免任何外立面的花哨处理，而是将材料真实展现出来。

The new Élancourt music school has taken up residence in the former ecumenical center of the Sept Mares neighborhood, one of the founding pillars of the New Town of Saint-Quen-tin en Yvelines.

The new music school was formerly a religious place, and part of a central and coherent ensemble, indissociable from the town and surrounded by facilities grouping its administrative life, a covered market, shopping and cultural life, but also health and safety. From this building standing on a concrete plaza prohibited to vehicular traffic, one can reach the peripheral residential areas, office parks, the high school land green paces.

Built by Philippe Deslandes between 1974 and 1977, the design for this former religious center expressed the desire for simplicity and anonymity. A deconsecrated, modular and adaptable religious building, it cans easily be used for other functions, in the spirit of its post-‘68 architect, influenced both by the architecture of Louis Kahn but also by a structuralist determination to magnify the structure while eschewing any cosmetic treatment of the façades, preferring rather to highlight the truth of the material employed.

建筑力图呈现出年轻、赋有魅力的外立面，同时保留原建筑的主要特征。

The project strives to present a youthful and attractive face while preserving the key features of this architectural work.

建筑的内敛低调属性得到了保留，同时延续的还有必要的私密性和Elancourt标志性建材——砖块的使用。

The architectural principle privileging introversion had to be conserved, along with the necessary intimacy and the use of brick – Élancourt’s identifying material.

建筑师选择将外立面整体铺设新的砖块，并对墙面开窗做了“阿拉伯小窗”处理，通过材料的统一运用，抵消了结构的复杂性。手工制作的砖块采用干砌工艺。色彩的细微差别让连贯的外表皮变得生动活泼。

Thus, the architects chose to seamlessly clad all the façades entirely with new bricks, treating the walls as “moucharabiehs” in front of the windows, counterbalancing the complexity of the volumes through the complete material unity of the envelop.The hand-molded bricks are laid with a mortarless technique. Nuances of color enliven and modulate this continuous skin.

通过光井引入更多自然光线，同小窗透过的自然光相混合，变得柔和平衡，并让房间拥有私密感。

The quality of natural light is enhanced by light wells that flood the interior with a soft and balanced light blending with the natural light penetrating through the moucharabiehs, endowing each room with a greater feeling of privacy.

周边高层的住宅楼可见的建筑第五立面——屋面采用深蓝色合成草坪，引起蓝调的联想，同时彰显了建筑的功能属性，并为广场中央增加了色彩。

The fifth façade visible to all the surrounding taller apartment houses is treated as a deep blue synthetic lawn, evoking the blue note, immediately signaling the identity of the facility and forming a patch of color in the center of the esplanade.

夜间，闪耀的室内照明系统为学习排练设施营造出柔和和静谧的气氛。

Come the night, the shimmering interior lighting system expresses the softness and serenity of this institution of learning and practice.

建筑气质是约束感和内在感，不希望卓尔不群，而只是期待恢复在城中心的地位，不失尊严，并激发探索欲和好奇心。

Restraint and interiority characterize this repurposing project, which does not seek to stand out, but rather to lightly restore its place in the center of the town, to endow it with greater and lasting dignity and to kindle desire and curiosity, encouraging people to enter.

室内设计使得音乐学校功能分区更为明显，同时也符合保留原建筑精神的需求。项目符合现有的设计标准，便于行动不便人士的出入，符合防火规范、温度舒适、能源经济、声学质量以及其他音乐学校特别关注的性能要求，采用深入综合的建筑手法。目的是寻找合适的室内布局，体现对原有结构的尊重，保留自然光源，特别是保留高侧窗进入的自然光线。50平米的模块使分区和建筑结构都便于柱网分隔，避免与周围的玻璃墙面冲突。双层暴露的接待区设有采光井，令人联想起原建筑的中央无柱空间。

The program of a music school was made obvious by a new analysis of interior volumes, while calling at the same time for the preservation of its original spirit. Compliance with divers contemporary standards, accessibility for persons of reduced mobility, the fire code, thermal comfort, energy economy, quality of acoustics, particularly high-performance for a music school, required a more in-depth and complex architectural approach. The aim was to find an internal organization that respected the structure of the building and preserved the original sources of natural light, and on particular the light from the original bands of clerestory windows. A 50-m² module adapted to the program and the building’s structure enabled us to place the partitions on columns and to avoid clashing with the peripheral glazing. A double exposure reception area with large light wells evokes the original central void.

室内空间和谐、明亮、美观，项目剥离了原建筑的朴素感，使其受年轻人喜爱，保证动线的顺畅，体量、光线和材料的品质，最终打造出有趣、圆满的和谐空间。空间变得更加舒适、温馨、具有当代特色。木材料同砖块巧妙配合，让人连想乐器材料，赋予空间吸引人的丰富层次。浅色的木材带来愉悦感，视觉明亮，统一了所有墙面，轻易解决的吸音问题。墙面、地面和屋面上的涂漆木材使空间精密、愉悦。

Through a harmonious, luminous and attractive treatment of the interior spaces, the project sought to remove the original austerity and make the building more attractive for young people, while also ensuring the fluidity of circulations, the quality of volumes, light and materials in order to transform it into a harmonious space of pleasure and fulfillment.

Inside the music school an entirely new, warmer, more comfortable and more contemporary atmosphere has been created. Wood, the material that goes perfectly with brick and evokes musical instruments, endows these spaces with a seductive richness. Light-colored wood brings joy, luminosity and unifies the walls to easily resolve issues of acoustical absorption. Varnished wood on the walls, floors and ceilings imbues the place with serenity and joy.